Swabia

Swabia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia (German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a ... Swabia consists of much of the present-day state of Baden-Württemberg ...
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Swabia: Definition from Answers.com
Swabia A historical region of southwest Germany that originally included parts of present-day France and Switzerland ... Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Swabia ...
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Gau Swabia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gau Swabia (German:Gau Schwaben) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany ... Swabia, with its capital Augsburg, was a vital place for the war effort, being ...
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Swabia -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Britannica online encyclopedia article on Swabia:historic region of southwestern Germany, including what is now the southern portion of Baden-Württemberg Land ...
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Swabia - Infoplease.com
The main physical features of Swabia are the Black Forest; the valley of the ... The easternmost section of Swabia is part of the Danubian plateau of Bavaria and ...
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AllRefer.com - Swabia, Germany (German Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on Swabia, German Political Geography. Includes related research links.
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Leibnitiana
A website dedicated to the life and works of the German philosopher and ... Swabia was one of the five great Stamm (stem, or tribal) duchies of earlier ...
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Swabia - FREE Swabia Information | Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures ...
Swabia - Facts about Swabia, Pictures, Video and Swabia Information at Encyclopedia.com: a free, credible collection of encyclopedias.
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This article is about the region of Germany; for the Soda Fountain & Hollywood pharmacy see Schwab's Drug Store.

, showing modern borders. Light blue region is state of Baden-Württemberg. To east of B-W is state of Bavaria, with Swabia (administrative region) in pink. Swabia is a region, rather than a political entity, so well-defined borders do not exist.Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia (German language: Schwaben or Schwabenland) is both an historic and linguistics (see Swabian German) region in Germany. Swabia consists of much of the present-day state of Baden-Württemberg (specifically, historical Württemberg and the Hohenzollerische Lande), as well as the Bavarian Swabia (administrative region). In the Middle Ages, Baden Germany, Vorarlberg, the modern principality of Liechtenstein, modern German-speaking Switzerland, and Alsace (nowadays belonging to France) were also considered to be a part of Swabia.

History Suebi 2000 years ago, the Suebi or Suevi were an Germanic people whose origin was near the Baltic Sea, which was thus known to the Romans as the Mare Suebicum (today, the term "Swabian Sea" is applied to Lake Constance). They migrated to the southwest, becoming part of the Alamannic confederacy. The Alamanni were ruled by independent kings throughout the 4th century and 5th century centuries. Parties of Suevi (around a half million) reached the Iberian Peninsula and established an independent kingdom in 410 in what is now northern Portugal, Galicia (Spain), and western regions of Asturias and most of León (province) (in northwest Spain). It endured until 558. Its political center was Braccara Augusta (present-day Braga, Portugal).

Duchy of Swabia Swabia became a duchy under the Frankish Empire in 496, following the Battle of Tolbiac. Swabia was one of the original stem duchy of East Francia, the later Holy Roman Empire, as it developed in the 9th century and 10th century centuries. The Hohenstaufen dynasty (the dynasty of Frederick Barbarossa), which ruled the Holy Roman Empire in the 12th century and 13th century centuries, arose out of Swabia, but following the execution of Conradin, the last Hohenstaufen, on October 29, 1268, the original duchy gradually broke up into many smaller units.

Holy Roman Empire The major dynasty which arose out of the region were the Habsburgs, but also the Hohenzollerns, who rose to prominence in Northern Germany, stem from Swabia, as well as the dynasties of the Dukes of Württemberg and the Margraves of Baden. Smaller feudal dynasties eventually disappeared, however, for example, branches of the Montfort of Vorarlbergs and Hohenems lived until modern age and the Fürstenberg (princely family) survive still. The region proved to be one of the most divided in the Empire, containing, in addition to these principalities, numerous Free Imperial City, ecclesiastical territories, and fiefdoms of lesser counts and knights.

The Old Swiss Confederacy was de facto independent from Swabia from 1499 as a result of the Swabian War.

Fearing the power of the greater princes, the cities and smaller secular rulers of Swabia joined to form the Swabian League in the 15th century. The League was quite successful, notably expelling the Duke of Württemberg in 1519 and putting in his place a Habsburg governor, but the league broke up a few years later over religious differences inspired by the Reformation, and the Duke of Württemberg was soon restored. The region was quite divided by the Reformation. While secular princes like the Duke of Württemberg and the Margrave of Baden-Durlach, as well as most of the Free Cities, became Protestant, the ecclesiastical territories (including the bishoprics of Bishopric of Augsburg, Bishopric of Konstanz and others) remained Roman Catholic Church, as did the territories belonging to the Habsburgs, Hohenzollerns and the Margrave of Baden-Baden.

Modern history In the wake of the territorial reorganization of the Empire of 1803 by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the shape of Swabia was entirely changed. All the ecclesiastical estates were secularized, and most of the smaller secular states, and almost all of the free cities, were mediatized, leaving only Württemberg, Baden and Hohenzollern as sovereign states. Much of Eastern Swabia became part of Bavaria, forming what is now the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia.

From 1939 to 1945, Nazi Germany claimed sovereignty over an area of Antarctica, which was named Neu-Schwabenland in honour of Swabia.

Swabian settlements abroad Outside of Germany, many Swabians settled in Hungary and Romania (the Danube Swabians and Swabian Turkey), as well as in Russia, Serbia, and Kazakhstan. Outside of Europe, Swabian settlements can also be found in Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

Popular culture ." This is an allusion to the fact that Baden-Württemberg is one of the principal centres for innovation in Germany with many inhabitants having distinctive dialects. For information on the distinct Swabian dialect see Swabian German.

Swabians have in former times been the target of many jokes and stories where they are depicted as excessively stingy, overly serious, prudish, or as simpletons, for instance in "The Seven Swabians" (Die sieben Schwaben) published in Kinder- und Hausmärchen by the Brothers Grimm. Similar jokes are often made by the French people toward Belgians, the Russians towards Georgians, the Australians toward New Zealanders, or Canadians toward Newfoundlanders. However, this has ceased to a large extent, while Swabians are nowadays said to be frugal, clever, entrepreneurial and hard-working. In a widely respected publicity campaign on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Baden-Württemberg, the economically most successful state in modern Germany, the Swabians famously replied to the former jokes with: ""We can do everything except speak High German" (Wir können alles. Außer Hochdeutsch); see image.

Many Swabian surnames end with the suffixes -le, -el, -ehl, and -lin. Examples would be: Schäuble, Egeler and Gmelin. The popular surname Schwab is derived from this area, meaning literally "Swabian".

In Switzerland, "Sauschwab" is a derogatory term for Germans, derived from the Swabian War of 1499. In Serbian language, Polish language, and Bulgarian language, "Shvab" or "Szwab" may be a semi-abusive term for any German, not just one from Swabia. In parts of the former Yugoslavia (i.e. Slovenia, Slavonija in Croatia, and Vojvodina in Serbia), the term Swab (locally Švab, from Шваб) is somewhat applied to all German peoples who lived in those regions until shortly after World War II, and many of their descendants; it is even occasionally used as a slang term to refer to all Germans as well as Austrians and Swiss German speaking people.

Related Alemannic Dialects Swabian (Schwäbisch) is one of the Alemannic German dialects of High German, spoken in the region of Swabia, present in the North-Eastern area of the Alemannic Sprachraum. A separate version of Wikipedia is maintained as D’alemannisch Wikipedia, which the main page called :als:Houptsyte.

Famous Swabians

Götz von Berlichingen ("the knight with the iron fist")
Faust (protagonist of tales and dramas)
Johannes Kepler (astronomer and mathematician)
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (philosopher)
Friedrich Schiller (historian and writer, "Wilhelm Tell", "Die Räuber", "Maria Stuart", "Ode an die Freude")
Lorenz Oken (biologist, anatomist, naturphilosoph)
Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer (biologist)
Konrad von Jungingen (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
Ulrich von Jungingen (Grand Master of the Teutonic Order)
Friedrich Hölderlin (poet)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (philosopher)
Schlaich Bergermann & Partner (structural engineer)
Justinus Kerner (poet)
Ludwig Uhland (poet)
Eduard Mörike (poet)
Gottlieb Daimler (developer of the first modern car, founder of Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, today: Daimler-Chrysler)
Rudolf Diesel (inventor of the Diesel engine)
Robert Bosch (inventor, industrialist and philanthropist)
Margarete Steiff (toy maker)
Carl Laemmle (founder of Hollywood)
Karl Friedrich Benz (inventor of the first gas (petrol)-powered automobile)
Nikolaus August Otto (inventor of the internal-combustion engine)
Felix Heinrich Wankel (inventor of the Wankel engine )
Johannes Nauclerus (historian, university rector/chancellor)
Theodor Heuss (former President of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Richard von Weizsäcker (former President of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Kurt Georg Kiesinger (former Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Sophie Scholl (member of the White Rose resistance against the Nazis)
Hans Scholl (founder of the White Rose resistance against the Nazis)
Georg Elser (member of the resistance against the Nazis)
Claus von Stauffenberg (leader of the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler)
Erwin Rommel (World War II general)
Martin Heidegger (philosopher)
Roland Emmerich (Hollywood director)
Harald Schmidt (late-night talk show host)
Jürgen Klinsmann (football (soccer) player and former coach of the German national team)
Albert Einstein (physicist, Nobel Laureate)
Hermann Hesse (poet, writer, 1946 Nobel Laureate for Literature)
Roland Asch (race driver)
Joachim Löw (football (soccer) player and current coach of the German national team)
Gudrun Ensslin (a founder of the German terrorist group Red Army Faction or RAF, a.k.a. the Baader-Meinhof Gang)
Gustav Schwab (writer, most popular by "die schönsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums")
Dieter Baumann (olympic games gold medalist and anti doping (sport) activist)
Wilhelm Groener (railroad chief in the German General Staff, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Defense, and acting Minister of the Interior in the Weimar Republic)